2007-9-30 17:25:40 阅读86 评论0 302007/09 Sept30
Our aim is to make comprehensive and varied learning experiences
free and accessible to young people and teachers of English as a
second language, throughout China and around the world, in a way
that is interesting, vibrant and entertaining; that it may enhance their
educational and career opportunities.
Alan Cooper
1st October, 2007
About Me
I was born in January, 1949 on the eve of the Chinese Spring Festival, in Hastings, England. It is a small seaside fishing town and holiday resort on the south coast of England.
Brought up with my sister in a small village 80km south-east of London, my mother looked after our home, and my father was a primary school teacher. Life in the countryside provided rich and varied experiences, which have influenced me to this day.
In Bexhill-on-sea, a neighbouring seaside resort, I was educated at a Technical and Grammar school, I moved to Newton Park College, Bath and Bristol University from 1968 - 1972, where I graduated with a Bachelor of Education and Teaching Diploma, with distinction. I also obtained qualifications in Secondary School Management and a Diploma in Special Education, amongst other things.
My early career was concentrated in the West of England, mostly in Comprehensive education, (the equivalent of middle school education in China). However, I also taught adult students at The City of Bath Technical College, which is now part of Bath University.
Between 1974 - 1978, I was an examiner for the South West Examinations Board. At the same time, I was asked to set up and present courses for a nation-wide Adult Literacy Programme, in co-operation with the Government and BBC, as there were, and probably still are, a significant number of adults in England & Wales who were unable to read and write properly.
Throughout my career, I have worked on a number of projects for radio and television, both in the UK and China. My one outstanding ambition is to produce a VCD in China to help young people with English, that they may achieve their future dreams.
The purpose of this blog , and future website , is to help and encourage Chinese students and Chinese Teachers of English (CTE's) cope with the problems of learning to speak or teach natural English.
The information it contains has been selected by an experienced team of people, and relates to the difficulties students and CTE's face, dealing with English as a second language. There are also other related topics which, I hope, will be of general interest. I hope that you find it useful and enjoy browsing it's pages.
Your comments and suggestions are welcome through the help-line contact address; e-mail enjoyingenglishinchina@yahoo.co.uk
Answers will appear on the blog . Your . Confidentiality is assured. Nothing which identifies you as an individual will be published.
The Game of Life is a great and rewarding experience, through good times and bad. So, who knows what lies ahead? For me, working with students and teachers in China is...
'always a pleasure, never a chore'.
Alan Cooper.
Position: Manager Enjoying English Group
Wang Bo: b.1983 Henan Province, graduated from a college in Shijiazhuang with qualifications in Business, Economics and Trade. As well as being a partner in Red Dragon International Partnership, he is continuing full-time education through to June 2009.
Don't be fooled by his apparent youthfulness; like his predecessors, he is multi-talented, extremely hard-working and a visionary. His primary responsibility is the management of the Enjoying English Group.
I am immensely proud that we will be working together with the 2008 Olympic Volunteers Programme during the forth-coming Olympics and Paralympics.
2008-8-24 19:07:36 阅读36 评论1 242008/08 Aug24
NEWS UPDATE:
News Update: 14.09.08. A great deal of work has been achieved over the summer months both in the UK and China.
This Blog is now an Archive for material removed from our new website:
Sponsorship
We are inviting sponsorship from international companies, corporations and organisations who have an interest in making information available and free to students, and who may be connected in any way with students everyday lives.
For information - e-mail: eeaction@rocketmail.com or visit www.enjoyingenglish2008.org , particularly the pages ABOUT US and RED DRAGON
Invitations to potential sponsors in Media & News groups worldwide, have already been sent. This will be followed with approaches to the Banking sector, manufacturers of Sportswear, and specialists in electrical goods such as Mobile phones and Computers. About 250 companies will be targeted. We expect a positive response from between 13% and 20% during 2008 - 2009.
If all goes well with sponsorship, and negotiations with the Ministry of Education of the Chinese Government, we hope to be able to make our first awards, outlined on the Red Dragon page, before the Spring Festival early in 2009. That would be a tremendous achievement and a satisfying reward to all involved.
We would like to thank those who have supported us over the past two years, and hope that you will continue to visit us at the new site. We hope that it will be bigger and better than ever.
Alan Cooper & Wang Bo.
Enjoying English Limited.
2008.08.25.
Great News! Our new website is up and running!!
We are pleased to announce that our new website is now operative, although there is still a great deal of material relevant to students and teachers which is prepared, being checked and will be inserted shortly.
At present, we have more than 30 pages of information, which we hope will appeal and be of interest to visitors to our site. As well as features about Education, Job Hunting, writing letters of application and the preparation of resumes / c.v.'s, etc., you will find other items.
English topics, of course - as that is what this website is all about, but others of cultural historical and general interest. Of particular interest are two pages of websites, which have been checked for their suitability and content. They are; 'WWW' - World Wide Webs, containing websites of a general nature, and 'EdWebs' - an expansive selection of addresses specifically related to Education, The Internet and Search Engines.
In time, the number of pages will increase to 70, covering an enormous range of topics of interest and relevance to students and teachers. Please take your time to look at it, and get in touch with us by e-mail, because it is feedback from you which helps us to develop the site.
http://enjoyingenglish.blog.163,com The Blogs will carry on, but their function will change.
Information relevant to students and other things will be published on the website in the future.
Enjoying English Limited is now a registered company in the UK. You will be able to find additional information of our activities, intentions and ways to support us, on the 'Red Dragon' and 'Contact Us' pages.
Thank yopu for your support and patience over recent months. We hope to hear from you soon.
Regards
Alan Cooper & Wang Bo
2008-7-19 2:32:43 阅读43 评论0 192008/07 July19
Good News Update: 2008.07.06.
We promised last time to give information about strategies after graduation or moving from senior middle school to college or university. There are also important new developments with the Enjoying English Blog.
I am still in England and will remain so until at least the end of August. It is possible that I will be in other parts of Europe for some of the time during the summer. Updates will still appear on the blog, but new features will be limited.
Moving on: there is little that I can add to things already discussed under 'Jobs' and other related headings already on the Blog.
Take particular notice of information in the press, particularly, '21st Century'. Search information using websites under our own 'World Wide Webs' section, and on the Internet.
Important New Developments.
We are establishing a new blog: http://internationdragon.blog.163.com
The new Blog is primarily of interest to sponsors, people wishing to make donations and companies who wish to advertise. It will enable us to continue with our intention of promoting the largest source of, and access to information for students, in the world.
New website: www.enjoyingenglish.org
We hope to have a new website: www.enjoyingenglish.org in place and fully updated by 1st September, 2008, in time for students returning for the new school year. It will contain information which is currently available on the Blog and regularly up-dated features, articles and information relevant to students everyday lives.
The Helpline: e-mail - eehelpline@yahoo.com will still be in operation and expanded. We hope to have representatives and contributors from Provinces and SAR's throughout China. That can only be achieved with your help and co-operation.
The Blog, http://enjoyingenglishinfo.blog.163.com will become an Archive of stored material from the website. More about developments shortly.
New on the Blog this week. - London Terminal 5 under Environment
- Rings On Her Fingers see Funny Old World
- The Real Indiana Jones - Arts & Music
- Nell Gynn - English History
- Strange Stories from English History Pt 4
- Enjoying English - Problems Solved Pt 4 (Final)
- Children In Poverty - new section UK Today
- Superfoods Pt 1
- Pictures Roger Hill - Arts & Music
Alan Cooper & Wang Bo.
2007-9-30 17:24:52 阅读50 评论0 302007/09 Sept30
Latest News
Update: 2008.06.15.
Across the world, the academic year is coming to a close. Students are preparing to change adjust to changes; completing senior school education, looking for opportunities to further their studies and trying to decide what they should do next. Those about to graduate from university are similarly contemplating their options of taking on post graduate studies or looking for work.
Next week we will be examining the options, offering advice and answering questions from the Helpline: enjoyingenglishinchina@yahoo.co.uk
New features this week:
- Enjoying English - Problems Solved Part 3. Confusing Words
- Strange Stories from English History Pt 3 - The Standard Bearer
- Round the World in English under Funny Old world
Alan Cooper.
Update: 2008.06.08.
New articles this week are:
* A Special feature on Jobs - Getting Help. See Jobs section.
* Roger Hill - Local Artist. In preparation under Arts & Music.
* The Worlds Easiest Quiz - under Funny Old World.
* Enjoying English Part 2. under English Topics.
* Strange Tales from English History
As it is coming to the end of this educational year, e-mail questions to our e-mail address.
Regards.
Alan Cooper
News Update: 2008.06.01.
Hello again and welcome! Two new series begin this week. The first is called 'Enjoying English - Problems Solved'. It is extracts taken from the first of a series of Guides For Students dealing with common problems they face with English. It appears under 'English Topics'. Serialised in 4 parts, we hope that it will offer help and advice ahead of the new term beginning in September.
Publishers who may be interested in producing the series, or commissioning other work should contact us by e-mail on: enjoyingenglishinchina@yahoo.co.uk
The second new series called 'Strange Stories from English History' - see English History, examines some of the legends and tales handed down through the ages since ancient times. Included are websites which offer a fascinating insight into how English History developed. We hope you like it.
Other additions will be found under 'Funny Old World' - a treasure trove of information which is all but useless, and Global Warming & Britain, under 'Environment'.
Keep browsing and send comments and other information to keep us informed and up to date.
Alan Cooper
Update: 2008.05.24.
We have been doing our best to catch up with some of the features, articles and information which we think may be of interest or relevance. I am still in the UK, but expect to return to China at the end of June. Wang Bo continues his studies, whilst still finding time to spend a considerable number of hours each week managing the 'Enjoying English' group for the benefit of students everywhere.
You might be interested to hear that he is an uncle for the second time. His brother and sister-in-law had a beautiful baby daughter last week. Everyone is doing fine. and we are both looking forward to seeing her.
An update on recent additions to the Blog. you will find a number of new articles have been placed between May 9th and 23rd. They are;
Around China - Wild China
Earthquake - including updates and information on a wedding photographers pictures
Theo Paphitis - Rules for success in business after CB Song
Study UK - a warning from UK universities
Arts - the new Indiana Jones film
Travel - Free days out in the UK
www - new websites
Jobs - How to graduate your dream job
Funny Old World - Round the World in English - more to come
England - A Walk in the Country
That should keep you going for a while, but more will be added next week. If you have suggestions or questions; please e-mail to, enjoyingenglishinchina@yahoo.co.uk
I have to fly, as they say.
Best wishes
Alan
Earthquake - Related news...
The China State Food & Drug Administration has released a comprehensive list of urgently required medicine and medical equipment.It includes:
* cardiac monitors, bedside X-ray machines, single use laryngoscopes, gauze, orthopedic external supports, wound dressings, air beds and drainage pipes.
* bedding including; mattresses, quilts, pillows, portable beds and wheel-chairs.
* medicines, especially penicillin
* disinfectants, effervescent tablets, bleaching powder, euchlorine and sprayers.
2008.05.20.
Peru. Lima. Peruvian President, Alan Garcia visited the Chinese Embassy in Lima yesterday to express sympathy to the Sichuan earthquake victims. He ordered a day of mourning across Peru.
'Peru and China have been brothers for almost 160 years, ' he said. 'We sympathise with China in the way they did with Peru following the earthquake that devastated our country in 1997.'
A visiting tourist from Holland, Giann Koerun, said that he was amazed by the mutual affection that Peru and China have for each other.
A Peruvian newspaper said that many business people in Chinatown have relatives in China... but they are sure the Chinese People will overcome the crisis.
Liu Fang.
2008.05.19.
Update : 2008.05.10.
Hello again. I must apologise for our apparent absence over the past five or six weeks, or so. Wang Bo has been combining further studies and preparing for the forthcoming Olympic Volunteers Programme in Beijing. He recently completed the third of four courses. The fourth runs through August and September..
I have also been busy and am back in the UK temporarily. I hope to be back in the UK for the Volunteer's Programme during the summer.
In the meantime, new features and articles will be added, so keep an eye on developments, including 'Around the World in English' which you will find under 'Funny Old World'.
Regards
Alan Cooper.
May, 2008.
Job Opportunities.Hello again. Back in the land of the living after a somewhat disappointing Spring Festival. After the Olympic Volunteers Training Programme, Wang Bo and I traveled direct from Beijing to Xinyang.Switzerland - Nestle see www.yingjiesgeng.com
International Student Organisation AIESEC offers Internships -see www.aiesec.cn
GE recruiting summer interns. Applications accepted unti end of April - see www.ge.com.cn
At around midnight, we arrived at BeijingXi train station, along with an estimated 400,000 other travelers. I felt somewhat uncomfortable as I am not very keen on large crowds of people. The overnight journey was pleasant enough as we had sleepers.
Xinyang was covered in snow, slush and ice. It was cold and we had a further 140km to travel. A local bus agreed to take us, and for more than 5 hours we slithered our way through the darkness until we came to a complete halt about 15km from home.
We retraced our steps and took another taxi for the remainder of the journey only to find that we had to trudge (walk) the last kilo-meter or so through thick snow. I had only thin canvass shoes on as my boots had broken the day before, and I wasn't able to find a replacement. The result was that I went down with a fever and high temperature throughout the holiday; missing the banquet, and more disappointingly, the fireworks.
I returned to Shijiazhuang last week, and had a re-currence of a heavy cold and high temperature. It is only the last couple of days that I have been feeling human again, and today is the first that I have ventured out of doors. Never mind, the good news is that plum and cherry blossom is out, so Spring is on the way.
The Latest News Update follows. In the meantime, Happy New Year from us all at 'Enjoying English'.
Alan.
Besides articles of general interest, there are a number of 'hot topics' which may be useful to students and teachers for discussion purposes. In particular , issues concerning the Environment, Careers & related topics, Business and the on-going situation regarding Volunteer work both in the countryside and the forth-coming Olympics. We'll take a closer look at these over the coming weeks and, of course, your comments and ideas are always welcome by e-mail on: enjoyingenglishinchina@yahoo.co.uk
STUDY ABROAD - the 13th China International Education Exhibition for the latest overseas study information visits Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Dalian, Chongqing, Changsha & Xi'an from March 1st to March 16th. College students get free admission after completion of a survey and showing their ID.
MOBILE PHONE users will be charged 0.6 yuan / minute for calls outside their service area from March 1st. Received calls will be charged @ 0.4 yuan.
New websites - see World Wide Webs
For younger visitors, 'TEENS' Senior 3 regularly publishes an updated Examination Guide. The latest was Issue 307, January / February, 2008.
AUSTRALIAN universities report that graduating students, mainly from Asia, have poor English skills. of the 12,000 students sampled, 43% were Chinese. Education is Australia's fourth largest export, with foreign students paying A$2 billion each year.
Source: Agencies.
See under JOBS - qualities valued by employers.
See under INTEREST - Confucius has many Descendants
NOW BOOKING - MAINLAND CHINA
MAY - AUGUST, 2008
'Enjoying English - The Experience'
135 minute interactive presentation of the problems university students face learning to speak English naturally.
2007 Pre-run comments: 'Informative and highly entertaining' Handan
'An unforgettable experience in English teaching' Xinyang
' I laughed until I cried' Shijiazhuang
BEIJING OLYMPICS 2008 VOLUNTEERS WINTER TRAINING PROGRAMME
2008.01.20. - 27.
Wang Bo and I were invited to take part in the Winter Training Programme for the Core Volunteers for the forth-coming Olympics. Organised by 'aifly' and under the supervision of Li Yang (Crazy English), it provided a revealing insight into the work and problems the Volunteers face at both the Olympics and Paralympics, which follows.
Thirty foreign teachers from all over the world, joined one thousand volunteers from China, in an English Training Programme in preparation for the work ahead. Come the day, almost one hundred thousand volunteers, chosen from almost 1 million applicants, will be working with the public at Olympic venues across China.
Our group was a talented and dedicated group of 23 people, all experienced in the medical profession. They included well qualified nurses, doctors and surgeons.
Morning sessions were occupied by lectures about the various problems they were likely to face. The most informative of these was on the last day, delivered by a lady who was totally blind, although she had normal vision in her younger days, until her eye-sight began to fail in her late 20's. It was a well planned and paced lecture, lasting exactly 90 minutes, illustrated with stills and video clips.
The afternoons were practical sessions, most of which our group considered helpful, although some expressed there was an element of 'idiot English'; at times, stating the obvious.
Overall, it proved to be a very productive week, and one which we would gladly repeat. I hope that we have an opportunity in the future to make a bigger contribution to China's Olympic Programme, with more improvements in English.
Alan Cooper.
2008-7-19 2:19:14 阅读23 评论0 192008/07 July19
London Heathrow Terminal 5.
from BAA - British Aviation Authority. London. 2008.06.17.
No one can have escaped news of the chaos earlier this year when London Airport's Terminal 5 opened. Fortunately, things have sorted themselves out now.
Students have asked, 'How much energy is generated by solar panels on the roof of Terminal 5?' A spokesperson from the British Aviation Authority has given the following information.
'There are no solar panels on the roof of Terminal 5, but there is an array of energy saving mechanisms. Low energy lights are used throughout Terminal 5, and the amount of artificial lighting used can be altered in relation to available daylight.'
'Light sensors, movement detectors and timers automatically dim or switch off lighting.'
'Terminal 5 has the largest rain-water harvesting scheme in Europe, and this supplies Terminal 5 with 70% of its non-drinkable water requirements.
Waste heat from a combined heat and power unit provide Terminal 5 with its prime source of heat, reducing gas consumption by 85%, and reducing carbon emissions by 11,000 tonnes per annum. Low flush toilets throughout the terminal use as little as 4 litres of water. And 30,000 square metres of glazing (windows) has reduced the terminal's dependency on artificial lighting.
2008-7-19 2:16:36 阅读28 评论0 192008/07 July19
The Real Indiana Jones - Frederick Mitchell-Hedges. (1882 - 1959)
Frederick Mitchell-Hedges was a wealthy, traveler and explorer whose character and appearance are remarkably similar to that of Harrison Ford's portrayal of Indiana Jones. He is central to legends surrounding the mysteries of the crystal skull, discovered in the 1920's by his adopted daughter, Anna who died in 2007 aged 100.
The man was renown for discoveries and excavations in central America during his lifetime, although there are doubts as to whether his accounts are actually accurate, or have been enhanced with more than a little imagination. In English, we call it 'poetic license', which really means that writers are permitted to ignore or alter facts to make their stories more interesting and exciting.
Nevertheless, his life was an interesting and exciting real-life adventure. When she was celebrating her 17th birthday, Anna is said to have 'discovered' the Crystal Skull, reputed to be 3,000 years old, hidden beneath some earthworks in what is now Belize in Central America.
Between 730 - 860AD the city of Lubaantun, whose meaning is 'place of falling stones', was part of the Mayan Empire of the Aztecs, and part of Mexico. It is one of 13 life-sized similar skulls carved from pure quartz and smokey quartz, which are found around the world. Another is in the British Museum in London.
The Mayan Indians of central and south America, including the Aztecs and Incas, both of whom were conquered and more or less wiped out by the Spanish Conquerors in the 15th century, were well known for their art, pottery and sculptures, many of which had important religious significance. They worshiped the Sun, to which they made human sacrifice.
Many of their remaining artifacts are similar crystal skulls, but much smaller, only a few centimetres high. Others are tiny, like beads which we associate with necklaces today. Anna's discovery, although unearthed in the 1920's, was not mentioned in her father's writings until more than 20 years later. There is speculation that the skull was actually bought at an auction at Sotherbys in London in 1943.
Scientists believe the larger skulls to be forgeries made in the 19th century by German craftsmen. It is known that they are carved from Brazilian quartz, the type of which is unknown in central America. They cannot be dated by radio-carbon methods as they don't contain material or elements which which can be dated by such means.
The region has been excavated and researched over many years. In 1903 an American named Thomas Gann used dynamite to excavate Mayan ruins, rather than the more gentle processes of scraping away at remains using a trowel and brush. He discovered the corner-stones of an ancient court where a game was played, similar to basketball, where two players played against each other to score points by putting the ball through a hoop. Sadly but gloriously, the loser was sacrificed to the Gods. He was spread-eagled and held down over a sacrificial stone. His heart was ripped out and still pumping, held high towards the Sun. His head was hacked off; the skull stored in temple vaults and the remains of his body, buried. Gripping stuff!
Frederick Mitchell-Hedges named his daughters find, 'The Skull of Doom'. How much of his discoveries is still a matter of raging debate, but no-one can say that he wasn't an adventurous and interesting man.
You'll find more on his official website: www.mitchell-hedges,com or search Google under 'Frederick Mitchell-Hedges' , for related articles and information.
2008.06.25.
2008-6-19 10:13:38 阅读30 评论0 192008/06 June19
Enjoying English - Problems Solved.
Part 3 Confusing Words.
Extracts from 'Enjoying English - Problems Solved by Alan Cooper.
People teaching or studying English as a foreign language face a number of difficulties relating to words, their spelling and matters relating to pronunciation. They are often not only confusing, but downright baffling, which means that they make absolutely no logical sense at all. There is, however, a perfectly logical reason for the differences. It is a direct result of our history and the evolution of English as a language over 3 - 5,000 years. That in itself is a problem because we don't have records of how the early English of the Celts was spoken, although Welsh is a direct descendant of the Celtish languages, as is Cornish in south west England and Gaelic in Scotland and the north western Isles.
The Celts inhabited the islands which are now the UK, three to five thousand years ago. The Orkney and Shetland Islands in the far north of the British Isles, contain some of the most complete iron age settlements in the world.
About 2,500 years ago, the Romans from Italy invaded, driving the Celts westward into Wales and north to Scotland. The Romans brought them Latin. Other later invaders from what is Germany, Denmark and Holland, brought Germanic languages with them during the 5th 9th centuries. They were followed by the Normans from northern France in 1066. Later, other languages, parts of languages, phrases and words were absorbed into English during the period of the Great British Empire from the 16th - 19th. This included Asiatic languages from India, South East Asia and China.
The result was the development of English as an enigmatic and complex language made up from a mixture of other languages. The Empire has long since vanished, but the legacy of language remains in regional differences and dialects This is not unlike the situation in China.
Mandarin is the official language in China's press and media. In parts of the south, Cantonese is commonly used, which is often not understood by people in the north. Even 50km west of the city where I live, in villages in the foothills of the mountains, people speak local dialects which I cannot understand. Even the way Numbers are spoken is completely different.
Like time itself, languages evolve, constantly undergoing change. The 'f***' word for example, now considered a bad or offensive expletive, has it's origins 1,500 years in Europe. It meant, 'to make love'. Similarly, but much more recently, 'to be gay' meant to be happy. Now it refers to intimate relations between members of the same sex.
There are differences too, in the way English is spoken in different parts of the world. I am often asked, 'What is the difference between British and American English?' For example, the luggage space in the rear of a car is called 'a boot' It is written and pronounced the same as the word 'boot' which is a strong type of shoe. In the US it is called 'a trunk'.
In the United States, trousers are called 'pants'. In British English 'pants' refer to underwear or shorts, which in the US are called 'trunks'. Only experience and practice becoming familiar with the language will help you overcome such problems.
Now consider this; what is the difference between British English and English as it is spoken in Australia, New Zealand, the Caribbean or South Africa? They all have their own accents, dialects, pronunciations and specialized words.
In England we have 'pavements' - the area beside a street where people walk. In the USA they are called 'side-walks'. In Roman times, 'pavements' were the areas between courtyards; recreational areas which were closed to traffic. Roads and streets were also called pavements if they were paved, i.e., covered with stone slabs or bricks.
The dictionary definition of 'slab' is 'chunk' or 'hunk', - a slab of cake in the UK is referred to a 'piece of cake', however, the idiom 'a piece of cake' means a job or task which is easy. E.g., the examination was a piece of cake.' A slice or lump is sometimes called 'a brick', but the expression,'You're a brick!' means that you are a good bloke, or a dependable man.
An excellent example of word usage is found if you look at the root word 'court'. Look it up in a good dictionary and see how many different meanings the word has depending on it's usage.
A good example to summarise the things I have been discussing can be found in language differences between northern England and Scotland, which is only 250 kilometers or so farther north. In Yorkshire, northern England, the word 'bairn' means a small child. In Scotland the word looks the same and is pronounced the same, but the meaning is completely different - a bairn is a small stream.
I have discussed words which look the same, but their pronunciation and meaning are different depending on the way they are used. One of my favourite examples is:
There is no time like the present to present the present.
The word in question is 'present'. It means: There is no time like now to give the gift.
Got it? Good!
English is a wonderful, if not confusing language, due to it's diversity. We have seen that, unlike many languages, we have words which mean more or less the same thing. Take; road, street, crescent, cul-de-sac (from French meaning a road which is blocked at one end), track and so on.
We have words with similar pronunciation but different meanings; and words which look the same and have different pronunciations. Adding pre-fixes to the beginning of words can also alter the meaning of a word - national means of the nation or relating to one country. If you add 'inter' at the beginning of the word, making 'international' , the subject relates to many countries. You will find lists of prefixes and suffixes, with examples, in a good dictionary.
So, there is a great deal of diversity and many complications in the English language. Simply 'learning the differences' is a long and tedious process, but there are ways to lighten the task and make it easier. They are often inexpensive and things which you can do in your spare time.
Next time - Solving Problems.